NDG Linux Essentials 2.21 | Final Comprehensive Modules 2-18 | Chapter 2-18 Exam Answers Full 100% 2023
These are questions of Cisco NDG Linux Essentials 2.21 Final Comprehensive Chapter 2-18 Exam Answers full 100% with the latest version and updated in 2023. All answers are verified by experts with explanations.
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Embedded Systems means:
- Businesses cannot charge anything for the software, only the hardware
- Systems designed to do a specific task on hardware optimized for only that purpose
- Users must support the systems themselves
- You can view the software’s source code
- Companies must share their changes
-
Linux originally only ran on:
- Specialized processor chips
- Raspberry Pi computers
- Xerox copy machines
- Intel 386 PCs
- Macintosh
-
Bundling utilities, management tools, and application software with a Linux kernel is called a:
- A text editor
- A type of hardware
- A distribution of Linux
- A trademark
-
A software release cycle describes:
- How often the software’s memory is released back to the operating system
- How often the computer must be rebooted
- How often upgrades come out for software
- How often security fixes are implemented
- How often the computer must be upgraded to support new software
-
Apple’s OS X is:
(choose three)
- Tightly integrated with Apple hardware
- A fully certified UNIX distribution
- Primarily used to manage network services
- Able to natively run Windows binaries
- Derived from Linux
- Partially based on code from the FreeBSD project
-
Microsoft Windows:
(choose three)
- Offers both desktop and server products
- Has a short maintenance cycle
- Has a Linux compatibility mode
- Is generally backwards compatible with previous versions
- Has a scripting environment called PowerShell
- Has a new desktop version every year.
-
An interpreted programming language:
(choose two)
- Takes fewer resources to run than a compiled language
- Requires a compilation step but no linking step
- Tends to offer more features than compiled languages
- Is converted into machine specific instructions as the program runs
- Requires a linking step but no compilation step
-
The two main families of Linux shells are:
(choose two)
- Emacs
- Korn shell
- Bourne Shell
- C Shell
- Python Shell
-
In virtualization, what are the host and guest?
(choose two)
- The guest is the machine that runs the virtual machines
- The terms can be used interchangeably
- The host is the machine that runs the virtual machines
- A guest is a virtual machine
- A host is a virtual machine
-
Cloud computing is:
- Is made possible by faster internet speeds
- Is useful for both business and home users
- All are correct
- Requires fewer resources because systems are shared among many users
- Allows users in different geographical regions to work together in real time
-
Which of the following are properties of a strong password?
(choose three)
- Includes symbols
- At least 10 characters long
- A mix of upper and lower case
- Based on easy to remember items like birthdays
- Long so that it can be reused on multiple sites
-
A license where you don’t have access to the source code is called:
- Closed source
- Sourceless
- Impaired source
- Open source
-
A copyleft provision in a software license means:
- You must provide support for your modifications
- You must provide free copies of the software if you use it
- You may not link against third party closed source software
- You give up your copyright to the software
- If you redistribute the software, you must distribute the source to any changes you make
-
The Free Software Foundation believes that:
(choose two)
- Software should be free to modify
- Software should be free to share
- No money should ever change hands
- People should write software with no expectation of making money
- Software should not have copyright
-
What does it mean when a work is placed in the public domain?
- The author has relinquished the copyright on the work
- The author has died
- You must redistribute changes to the software
- You may not use the work for commercial purposes
- The work was done by a government agency
-
The semicolon (
;
) can be used to separate multiple commands to be executed in order.True or False?
- True
- False
-
To be able to output messages to the screen, use the _______ command:
type
print
display
echo
-
The _______ command will print a list of the commands that you’ve previously executed.
history
exec
eval
list
-
HOME is an example of _________.
- An internal command
- An alias
- A path variable
- A local variable
- An environment variable
-
The directory where additional documentation for software packages most likely can be found is:
- /usr/share/doc
- /var/share/doc
- /var/lib/doc
- /usr/software/doc
-
To start searching a man page, the first key you press is:
s
!
/
f
-
To get help on using the
info
command, execute:(choose two)
- help info
- man info
- info -q
- info info
-
The _____ command can be used to find any file, not just commands or man pages.
whatis
whereis
apropos
locate
-
Hidden files are files that begin with what character?
- A dash (-)
- A plus (+)
- A period (.)
- An asterisk (*)
-
The top-level directory on a Linux system is represented as:
C:
/home
/
/root
-
The
ls
command without options or arguments…- …lists the contents of the current directory.
- …prompts for a directory to list.
- …generates an error as this command requires arguments.
- …lists the contents of a user’s home directory.
-
The command
ls -S
will sort files:- By size, smallest to largest
- By size, largest to smallest
- By number of symlinks, largest to smallest
- By modification date, newest to oldest
-
When using the
cp
command, you must provide both a source and a destination.True or False?
- True
- False
-
Which option can be used with the
rm
command to prompt before deleting?l
-i
A
-P
-
Which command would list files that do not begin with a
T
or aW
?echo /etc/*[TW!]
echo /etc/[!TW]*
echo /etc/!TW
echo /etc/[*TW]!
-
In general, for which of the following would you want to use lossless compression?
- An mp3 audio file
- A movie
- A JPEG image
- A log file
- An encrypted email
-
You type
gzip myfile.tar
. What happens?(choose two)
myfile.tar
is removed- An error; you forgot to pass the name of the output file
myfile.tar
is unarchived into the current directorymyfile.tar.gz
holds a compressed version ofmyfile.tar
- An error; you forgot to specify the file with
-f
-
Which command will show what is inside the compressed tarball with a name of
foo.tar.gz
?tar –tf foo.tar.gz
tar –lf foo.tar.gz
tar –tzf foo.tar.gz
tar –tjf foo.tar.gz
tar –xf foo.tar.gz
-
By default, the
zip
command replaces uncompressed files with compressed files.True or False?
- True
- False
-
Error messages generated by commands are sent where by default?
- STDOUT
- Log files
- STDERR
- STDIN
-
Which of the following commands will display only lines that begin with
test
?grep $test* file.txt
grep ^test file.txt
grep &test file.txt
grep *test file.txt
-
Which of the following commands will display lines that contain either start or end?
egrep start end file.txt
egrep (start|end) file.txt
egrep start&end file.txt
egrep 'start|end' file.txt
-
A file begins with
#!/bin/csh.
This means:- Nothing, this is a comment
- This is a Perl script
- Running the script will invoke
/bin/csh
to interpret the rest of the file - The operator should not be using
/bin/csh
- C Shell compatibility mode is enabled
-
Most of
nano
’s commands take the form of:- Alt and another character
- Control and another character
- The F1 through F12 function keys
- Mouse clicks
- Escape followed by another character
-
The
if
command looks for what exit code to consider a condition to be true?- 0
- 10
- 255
- 2
- 1
-
The number of users logged in is in a variable called
USERS
. How would you test to see if there are 5 users logged in?test –f USERS=5
test $USERS –eq 5
test $USERS = 5
test $USERS –a 5
test $USERS,5
-
Which of the following are valid partitioning types?
(choose two)
- GPT
- PC
- MBR
- BIOS
-
Software that allows hardware devices to communicate with the installed operating system is called?
- Packages
- Drivers
- Instructions
- Programs
-
Which of the following commands will check hard disk GPT partitions?(choose three)
- gdisk
- sfdisk
- gfdisk
- sgdisk
- cgdisk
-
The process (
ps
) command shows only processes running in the current shell by default.True or False?
- True
- False
-
The
free
command outputs statistics about:- Disk usage
- Memory usage
- Software usage
- CPU usage
-
Which file contains the information passed to the kernel at boot time?
- /proc/kernel
- /proc/kargs
- /proc/kopts
- /proc/cmdline
-
To make changes permanent for kernel parameter files found under /proc/sys, the following file can have entries added to it:
- /etc/sysinfo.conf
- /etc/sysctl.conf
- /etc/procctl.conf
- /etc/procsys.conf
-
Which of the following commands will display the IP address on a Linux system?
dig
ifconfig
route
ipconfig
-
The RSA key fingerprint allows the
dig
command to connect to remote systems.True or False?
- True
- False
-
When issuing the
service network restart
command, which of the following occurs?- …the networking for the system is stopped and then started back up.
- …brings up all network interfaces, re-reads all related configuration files and then the networking for the system is restarted.
- …takes down all network interfaces, re-reads all related configuration files and then the networking for the system is restarted.
-
Which of the following commands can be used to display socket statistics, and supports all major packet and socket types?
route
ss
top
ifconfig
-
Which of the following commands will display the groups that the user bob belongs to?
groups -a
group bob
all bob
id bob
-
Traditional UNIX systems allowed users to belong to how many groups?
- 256
- 65,000
- 1
- 10,000
- 16
-
A value of 0 in the “minimum” password aging field means the user cannot change their password.
True or False?
- True
- False
-
Sudo privileges allow users to execute commands as another user.
True or False?
- True
- False
-
The first line of this command displays how long the system has been running since being rebooted.
getent
id
w
su
who
-
Which option for the
usermod
command can be used to specify a user’s group ID (either primary or secondary)?(choose two)
-G
-s
-S
-g
-
The
groupmod
command can be used to add users to a group.True or False?
- True
- False
-
Which of the following files contains user IDs?
- /etc/usr
- /etc/shadow
- /etc/group
- /etc/passwd
-
Which of the following commands, run as root, will prevent the user
bob
from logging in?usermod -D bob
usermod -d bob
usermod -L bob
usermod -l bob
-
What directory contains a user’s home directory?
- /rootfs
- /
- /home
- /user
-
GIDs under 500 (or 1000) are usually reserved for what kind of groups?
- Administrators
- System use
- User private groups (UPG)
- Are not used for groups, but for user accounts
-
A user cannot delete a file if they do not own it. True or False?
- True
- False
-
The
chown
command permits changing group ownership done by root only. True or False?- True
- False
-
Which of the following commands will list hidden files as well as their ownership?
ls -l
ls -z
ls -a
ls -la
-
Which of the following commands will set setuid for the
/usr/bin/
program?chmod 1755 /usr/bin/program
- None of the above
chmod 2755 /usr/bin/program
chmod 4755 /usr/bin/program
-
Setting setgid on a directory…
- …will set the group owner of all files created in the directory to the group owner of the directory.
- …will allow scripts in the directory to be executed as the group owner of the directory.
- …does nothing.
- …is not allowed by the system.
-
Deleting a source file will break an associated hard link. True or False?
- True
- False
-
Which of the following commands would create a hard link, link to file?
ln link file
ln -s file link
ln -s link file
ln file link
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